Tag Archives: Arte

Fresh territory

IN FOCUS, , , , ,

Co-creator Maria Feldman and stars Mélanie Thierry and James Purefoy speak to DQ about how No Man’s Land, an eight-part thriller set against the backdrop of the Syrian War, offers a new perspective of the conflict.

War in the Middle East and the rise of Isis has proven to be fertile ground for drama writers in recent years, with Sweden’s Kalifat (Caliphate) and the UK’s The State among those to focus in particular on the war in Syria.

Another series set in the same arena is No Man’s Land, an eight-parter that follows the conflict through the eyes of Antoine, a young Frenchman in search of his estranged, presumed-dead sister.

While unravelling the mystery, he joins forces with a unit of Kurdish female fighters and travels with them into Isis-controlled territory, bringing him into contact with anarchists, spies and innocent victims in a series that provides a fresh look at events in the country.

The French-Israeli drama comes from co-creators Maria Feldman (False Flag), Eitan Mansuri (When Heroes Fly), Amit Cohen (False Flag) and Ron Leshem (False Flag), with Cohen and Leshem writing alongside Xabi Molia. Oded Ruskin (False Flag) directs.

The inspiration for No Man’s Land came to Feldman when she was watching a news report about events in Syria, when Isis was at its peak. She saw two young female fighters making a lot of noise and wearing brightly coloured clothing – not the best camouflage for battle.

Maria Feldman
(photo: Ronen Akerman)

“The reporter explained the reason for this unusual scene is that Isis fighters are not afraid to die in battle, unless they’re killed by a woman,” she explains. “So hearing those sounds and seeing those headscarves, they know women are shooting at them and they totally freak out. Sometimes they just drop their weapons and run away. That’s why battalions of female fighters were playing such an important role in defeating Isis in Syria. I got really fascinated by this phenomenon – they’re very young and beautiful and they’re fighting evil.”

Feldman also became intrigued by the number of Western volunteers arriving in Syria from all over Europe and the US, not only those joining Isis but also those aiding the Kurdish side.

“I decided we needed a Western character to bring us into the region because I wanted it to be a really international show,” she continues. “So we start with Antoine, a young Frenchman from the Parisian bourgeois, whose sister died in a terrorist attack two years earlier in Cairo.

“We start with him two years later and he’s in a fertility clinic with his beautiful wife. All of a sudden, something draws his mind to the TV. There is a news report from Syria and then there’s an explosion. He sees a woman running towards the explosion to help the wounded. He can’t see her face, it’s very blurry. But he’s sure that it’s his sister. He knows it can’t be true, but he can’t take this woman out of his mind and he decides he needs to find out who this woman is, even if it’s not his sister.

“Very quickly, he finds himself in Syria in the middle of the war with the Kurdish female fighters, and through him we explore this side of the story.

“Another side of the story is about three British childhood friends who come to join Isis for various reasons. We tell this small story of friendship and betrayal, rather than the story of Isis, because one of them is going to betray the others.”

French actor Mélanie Thierry (La Douleur) plays Anna, the supposed dead sister of Antoine (Félix Moati, The French Dispatch). She’s not giving away any spoilers as to her character’s fate, however, explaining only that viewers will meet her through flashbacks and family videos.

Félix Moati plays Antoine, who goes in search of his presumed-dead sister

“What we see is this young archeology student living in Paris in a warm family. Because of a terrible loss and after a betrayal, she has to quit,” Thierry says. “She doesn’t believe in her family anymore and she has to start with a blank slate and create her own family with a new identity. She’s going to be mixed up with some good and bad people; she’s an easy target, she’s vulnerable, and she’s going to make some courageous choices.”

Feldman adds: “At some point, we will also see what really happened to Anna – we have an episode that tells Anna’s story. But I can’t tell you if she’s alive or if this woman in the video is her or not.”

No Man’s Land, which had the working title Fertile Crescent, marks Thierry’s first TV role. The actor describes her experience as “very interesting, challenging and demanding,” adding: “It was a melting pot of all these cultures, all these languages and English actors, French actors and Kurdish actors. It was nice to work in Morocco for several months.

“The flashbacks give an idea of who Anna is. She’s a human-rights activist and she helps people and falls in love with a refugee in Paris, and we can feel she has to confront something very painful. It will drive her to something. What I liked was working with an Israeli director, some French and English actors and having to play in English and Kurdish sometimes.”

Meanwhile, James Purefoy (The Following, Altered Carbon) also stars as a character who represents Western interests in the Syrian conflict. “I play a guy called Stanley – or is he? He works for a humanitarian organisation – or does he? He works for MI6 – or does he? He’s a slightly shadowy figure,” the British actor teases.

Mélanie Thierry as Antoine’s sister Anna, whose fate is unknown

What is certain is Stanley works with the intelligence services and uses all his skills of manipulation to turn events in his favour, coming into contact with Antoine, Anna and the three London friends through the series.

“He has a lot of fingers in a lot of pies,” Purefoy says. “He’s really interesting and it’s a really incredible story.” Is he honourable? “That depends where you’re coming from. I played a CIA agent in an Amazon series last year and somebody said to me, ‘So you’re the good guy.’ Well, if you’re American, I’m the good guy. But often one country’s interests in other countries might not make you quite so friendly to the people of those places. But to your own country, maybe you are. It’s very complicated and ambitious and grey, and that’s always the best area to be in. They’re not what they seem.”

The actor also notes similarities in playing a spy and a psychopath, having played a killer in three seasons of Fox drama The Following. “There is something similar between them in terms of manipulation, acting and getting people to do the things you want them to do,” he explains. “It’s very much in the script – he shifts and changes. You think he’s one thing, you think he’s gay at one point. We still don’t know. Has he got a family somewhere else? Or is he just using that as a way to be very unthreatening? There are a lot of stories and he doesn’t like to reveal too much about himself.”

Feldman jokes that she thought the CIA were going to knock on her door at one point during development, with the writer’s web searches including such terms as ‘How to join Isis’ and ‘beheading.’ But as with all fact-based drama, research has been key throughout the project to ensure as much authenticity as possible.

“We all did a lot of research and we tried to be a real as we could. It was very important for us,” she says. “We had Kurdish and Syrian coaches on set to make sure people spoke and acted correctly and we had the right rituals. We even had British accent coaches, so we get the West London authenticity too.”

James Purefoy plays another mysterious character, whose name may or may not be Stanley

Purefoy says it’s important for everyone involved to feel no “bumps” in the story. “You feel these people have done their homework and what you’re watching is absolutely believable. You don’t look at it and question anything, because the only thing you want to be watching is emotion, character and story,” he says. “You don’t want to feel, ‘Oh they got that wrong,’ because that just takes you out, even if it’s just a brief moment.”

Feldman and Mansuri originally devised the Isis storyline, before the former inserted the French family dynamic. Then they brought Cohen and Leshem on board to write the scripts. “We all live in different cities and continents, so it was a bit challenging – a lot of Skype and a lot of note writing but a lot of discussions,” Feldman says.

Feldman’s Masha Productions and Mansuri and Jonathan Doweck’s Spiro Films then connected with French producer Haut et Court (Les Revenants) to produce the series, which was named best project when it was first pitched to international partners at Series Mania in 2017. Fremantle joined as distributor, with French network Arte and US streamer Hulu commissioning the series.

Filming took place in Belgium and France, while sections set in Turkey and parts of the Middle East – Syria, Egypt and Iran – were shot in Morocco.

“The shoot was very challenging; the international nature of it was challenging,” Feldman explains. “We had crew and actors from more than 15 countries because we’re trying to keep it authentic and we were shooting Belgium and France and Morocco with one director who did the whole thing.

The series looks at the Syria conflict from multiple perspectives

“It’s a big thing that happened that affects the whole world, and it will keep on affecting the world for a long time. Our show takes a very different perspective, with the Kurdish female fighters, European involvement and Western intelligence involvement in the conflict. It’s very different, but the war in Syria is not a local conflict – it affects the world.”

Featuring family secrets and drama, love affairs and betrayal, No Man’s Land goes far beyond the arena that serves as the backdrop to the series, with every character being cheated or double-crossed at some point.

“It’s a show about betrayal and identity and who you really are – French, British, Israeli? I think it will appeal to a lot of people because we’re dealing with very universal themes,” Feldman says, revealing that her thoughts have already turned to a second season before season one airs later this year.

Purefoy adds: “It also dramatises things we are aware of in the news but which I have not seen in a drama. I have not seen a story about three West London lads who go out and join Isis. I’ve read about those stories, but I haven’t seen that and been able to think what that might be like for them and how they deal with that, or the character Melanie plays. There’s lots of fresh stuff in this show we haven’t seen before.”

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Criminal genes

The Writers Room, , , , ,

Forbrydelsen (The Killing) writer Torleif Hoppe speaks to DQ about the genre-defining Danish series and how his latest crime drama, DNA, flips the script on its leading detective.

When it comes to creating crime dramas, for Danish writer Torleif Hoppe, it’s in the blood. More than a decade ago, Hoppe was one of the key creatives involved in developing breakout drama Forbrydelsen (The Killing), before writing on other notable series such as Den som Dræber (Those Who Kill) and Broen (The Bridge).

It’s clearly a genre he feels at home with, though that wasn’t always the case. “When we wrote The Killing [with creator Søren Sveistrup], I didn’t have any experience in the crime genre at all,” he admits. “None of us actually did at that time. We had to just start researching it and figure out what police work is like, because everything we knew was from watching crime series, particularly American crime series, and stuff like that. It’s not exactly the same in Denmark, to say the least.”

Hoppe was with Sveistrup from the beginning, working together to help forge the series into what is still the defining ‘Nordic noir’ series, owing to its dark murder mystery themes and brooding Copenhagen cityscapes.

Torleif Hoppe

The writer believes one reason the series, which ran for three seasons, proved so popular, not just at home but around the world, is that they wanted to avoid making a crime series like anything else they had already seen. Another reason behind its success was its lead character Sarah Lund, portrayed by Sofie Gråbøl, and her penchant for patterned knitwear. Hoppe reveals that her fashion sense was based on a real-life police officer they spoke to, who did similar work to Lund, and often wore jeans and a sweater, rather than an official uniform. “

So we joked, ‘Sarah’s going to wear jeans and a sweater,” he says. “Then when it had already become kind of iconic, it was going to be shown in Germany and they were doing some of the material for the press release. They sent us some photos they had photoshopped to see if we liked them – and they replaced the sweater with a blue shirt and tie so that everyone could see that it was a policewoman.”

In his latest series, DNA, there’s no mistaking the central character, criminal investigator Rolf Larsen (Anders W Berthelsen) as anything other than a police officer, his identity card hanging around his neck as he strives to solve a case that takes him across Europe. What begins as the search for a missing toddler in episode one quickly becomes a story of personal tragedy when his own baby daughter inexplicably vanishes and is presumed dead, leaving him heartbroken and stricken with grief.

Five years later, he discovers there is a fault with the Danish national DNA register, news that brings fresh hope that his daughter might still be alive. He then embarks on an unauthorised investigation that leads him into the world of illegal child trafficking.

The eight-part crime thriller comes from Nordisk Film Production, in collaboration with France’s French Kiss Pictures for broadcasters TV2 in Denmark and Arte France. Norway’s NRK, YLE in Finland, SVT in Sweden and Icelandic broadcaster RUV will also air the series.

It was Hoppe’s desire to write a crime series about an investigator trying to solve their own problems, rather than someone else’s, that gave him the first idea for DNA. “That was the driving engine behind the story,” he says. “The ambition was definitely to make a crime story where it was about an investigator’s own life, where the crime plot had something to do with him personally.”

DNA has been made for Denmark’s TV2 and Arte in France

His plan for a new series initially began as a case-of-the-week procedural, but when he presented one potential storyline that focused more on the investigator’s personal life, TV2 asked him to turn that into a serialised storyline that would run across the entire series.

“I wanted to do something about a missing child, and I realised that when you talk about children and adoption, there are so many dilemmas,” Hoppe explains. “It looks really nice from one perspective. A child is taken from somewhere and brought to a wealthy family where they can get an education. It sounds really nice. But from the other side, to take a child from a mother, no matter whether she is rich or poor, and give it to another person, it’s not necessarily a good thing in the eyes of the woman who gave birth to that child.

“The more I started to dive into that, the story became about trafficking of children for surrogacy and adoption, not other trafficking purposes. I found that’s something that does take place, and as soon as it becomes an unauthorised business then there aren’t really any rules.”

But what started out as a “very Danish story” soon expanded to take in other countries in Europe when Hoppe settled on the trafficking storyline, particularly Poland and France, where Rolf teams up with another investigator, Claire Bobain, played by British actor Charlotte Rampling (Broadchurch). Other cast members include Zofia Wichlacz (World on Fire, 1983) as Julita Sienko, Nicolas Bro (The Bridge) as Jarl Skaubo and Olivia Joof (Boogie) as Neel Skibsted.

“In the beginning, everything was seen from the Danish police officer’s point of view,” he says. “But just seeing everything from his perspective became a bit boring. So after I had already written the whole story, I went back and created a Polish strand that weaves into the Danish investigator’s story.”

The series stars Anders W Berthelsen as criminal investigator Rolf Larsen

Arte was involved from the start, while Newen Distribution also invested in the project at an early stage, contributing to the series financing and picking up global distribution rights to the series.

“At first, I tried to make sure that I wrote enough scenes that took place in France to please Arte, because I thought the characters had to go to France. But they just came back to me and said, ‘You don’t have to do this, you don’t have to bring them to France to please us.’ So they were very easy with that and just gave me really good feedback and we bounced really well with ideas and different angles to the story.

“But at some point, I realised we needed to have a French police officer and I wanted somebody who had some authority. The producer kept on sending photos and suggestions of actresses but they weren’t what I was looking for. A friend suggested someone like Charlotte Rampling, and I was like, ‘Yes exactly.’ Then they asked her and she read the script and she liked it.”

Hoppe wrote the series on his own, with additional support from writer Nanna Westh (Friheden, Arvingerne), who assisted with some drafts. But before he sits down to write the scripts, he says he likes to know where the story is heading, but not exactly how it will end. “Then you figure out how to get there along the way,” he explains, noting that he uses particular milestones through the series to make sure he is taking the story along the right path.

“With The Killing, we made an overall outline and then wrote three episodes that we went back and forth on to make them work,” Hoppe recalls. “Then we wrote one episode at a time. In this case, probably because there’s been so much time in development, I worked mostly on the first couple of episodes and then wrote the rest of the series in a couple of drafts so I knew what would happen.

British actor Charlotte Rampling plays another investigator

“Because it’s a complicated story with different timelines, it’s nice to go back and forth and put something in here or change something there to make it work better. In this case, they didn’t start shooting until everything was written. When we did The Killing, they started to shoot episode one when we had only finished writing episode three.”

DNA was shot entirely on location, taking in landscapes and backdrops in Denmark, France and the Czech Republic. Hoppe says he likes to visit the set, but doesn’t like to interfere once the directors – in this case Kasper Gaardsøe (The Team) and Roni Ezra (The New Nurses) – are committing his scripts to film.

“It’s difficult because every time I go on set they all have a million questions,” he jokes. “So I realise it may be a good idea to stick around because it’s so much more under my skin because I’ve breathed this for years. Some things they can discuss and then they ask me. It’s helpful in that respect and useful. But I shouldn’t be there to dictate what people should do because you need to trust people. You expect people to be talented and do their best and in order to do their best, they must have freedom to do the best they can.”

But does the series carry the Nordic noir traditions that have characterised many Danish – and Scandinavian – crime series since The Killing burst onto television screens?

“Nordic noir was something somebody used to describe what we did with The Killing,” Hoppe explains. “That was maybe the first time I heard that expression. It was not our ambition to make something that we could call Nordic noir, I never called it that. When we did The Killing, we liked it to be dark and rainy. I did not feel that I needed that in this. You could say thematically it’s dark, it’s about abducted children, but it’s not filmed in the dark.

World on Fire’s Zofia Wichlacz is also among the cast

“With DNA, we did not try to force it into darkness. I really like the fact that there are so many places in the story. It’s set in so many different places and in so many different environments. That feels like a colourful thing to me. When the production designer put up all the photos of places they could shoot and locations from the northern parts of Denmark to the Czech Republic, it just felt very rich. So I wouldn’t call it Nordic noir.”

When the story reaches its conclusion, the writer hopes to have raised questions about how the good things people do, such as adopting children, can become corrupted when money becomes involved.

“Life has become a commodity in a way nowadays, it’s almost like it’s a human right to have a child,” Hoppe says. “I’m not trying to say what’s right and what’s wrong. Things are not really black and white in these areas. But you need to think about what is right and what is good for a child and how they’re brought up.

“Does it matter if your genes are related to your parents or is it more important that your parent is your real parent? That has a lot to do with identity and where you come from and how you connect with the world, and that’s an issue that is brought up a lot in DNA.”

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Under the surface

The Director’s Chair, , , ,

Director Julien Trousselier tells DQ how he added a splash of realism to French sirens-focused drama Une Île (Apnea), the latest in a slew of shows about the mythological beings.

In Greek mythology, sirens would use their enchanting singing to lure sailors to their doom. Today, it would appear the creatures have also placed a spell on TV execs, based on the number of series now with sirens at their centre.

Italy’s Naples-set Sirene (Sirens), US cable channel Freeform’s Siren and, most recently, Netflix’s first Australian original series Tidelands have each reimagined the legend in their own way. But none has taken a more “realistic” approach than French drama Une Île, according to its creators.

The series, known internationally as Apnea, is described as a disturbing and sensual thriller in which an idyllic Mediterranean island is hit by a fishing shortage. A series of suspicious deaths then occur in tandem with the arrival of Théa (played by Laetitia Casta, pictured above), a beautiful but strange woman rescued at sea, who hopes to reveal the true origins of an islander called Chloé (Noée Abita), someone who isn’t sure where she’s from or what she is. With Théa’s help, she will slowly discover herself.

Julien Trousselier

Meanwhile, a cop called Bruno (Sergio Lopez) has been tracking Théa, following a trail of murders committed by someone who seemingly kills not for fun, but for survival.

Written by Aurélien Molas and Gaia Guasti, based on an idea by Simon Moutaïrou in partnership with Marica Romano, the series is produced by Image et Companie for French network Arte. Lagardere Studios Distribution is handling international sales, while the €6.2m (US$7m) series has also been backed by Amazon Prime Video, which has picked up rights for French-speaking Europe.

Producer Nicole Collet has been working on the project for the past two years, with director Julien Trousselier (Crime Time) joining 12 months ago in preparation for a 70-day shoot that took place on the island of Corsica between August and November last year. “It’s been a bit of a marathon in sprint mode, but luckily that was a very enriching experience,” says Trousselier, who directs all six episodes. “I’ve been learning a lot in the process about me and directing. The subject is a real challenge financially, creatively, for the crew and for everyone. These are big setups.”

Crime Time, the director’s first TV series, followed a small-time cop who becomes the host of the titular television series, in which crime scenes are broadcast every night, leading him to push the boundaries until he ends up creating crime scenes himself. Apnea, Trousselier says, couldn’t be more different.

“For me, this show was a big challenge because it was very much based on the characters,” he explains. “I was more into genre, but this was very authored, based on emotions and relationships and human drama, as well as an investigation. There’s this guy arriving on the island, trying to find this mysterious girl he’s been tracking for a long time. It’s an ecological fresco, an impossible love story between two kinds, and it’s about an awakening.

“The stories of sirens are all invented by men who were afraid of falling for women’s seduction. That’s why they kill them. It talks about how men are afraid of what is beautiful and want to destroy it because they’re not in control. So the show talks a lot about that, and there’s a big ecological twist as well.”

Apnea was filmed over 70 days on the island of Corsica

Trousselier believes the rise of siren series is down to a domino effect, with the launch of one building momentum for a genre many broadcasters would have been unlikely to dip their toes into just a few years ago. “Beyond the myth, the main appeal of this project was to treat this story and this subject very differently. We don’t have any fishtails – it’s a more realistic, character-driven series about what it is to be different in a human environment,” he says.

“It also comes back to the real myth of the sirens and having powers of seduction; the relationship between men and women; the impossible love between two kinds; and what would happen when a man meets a mermaid, leading to this impossible love affair. That was more the humanistic approach to it. Of course, there is a big scale to it – it’s not just above the water, it’s underwater too. We wanted to treat it very differently. There are no magical powers or anything like that. It’s a much more realistic approach.”

With that in mind, the director says it was important not to become sucked into the genre, keeping the series grounded in reality and following Chloé’s coming-of-age journey. “If we stick to those emotions and psychologies, you don’t get into the genre and then the genre is underground and somehow dissolves everywhere and triggers the narrative drive,” he continues. “It gives a good pace to the story.”

Trousselier, Collet and the production team also held lengthy discussions about how to avoid Apnea becoming too “cheesy” or falling into genre clichés. The director adopted a naturalistic approach, turning the tale into a story about a village under attack and bringing roughness and realism to the production.

Apnea’s creators claim their show takes a ‘realistic’ approach to the mythology of sirens

Meanwhile, the filming location surprised Trousselier with its variety of landscapes, from idyllic sandy beaches to rough, rugged terrain. “When I arrived in the north of Corsica, it felt like I was in New Zealand in The Lord of the Rings and Middle Earth. It’s oppressive like Brittany, Cornwall or Scotland somehow,” he says. “You have a lot of variety. I really wanted to get away from this sunny Mediterranean look and make it dark, very antagonistic, natural and beautiful with a lot of scope and scale. Corsica gave me that. I managed to lose the viewer and create an unknown place. It’s not Corsica; it could be any beautiful island.”

The challenges of shooting both on and below the water led to some difficult decisions in pre-production, with Trousselier adamant he wanted to film in the ocean to give water-based scenes an immersive feel. At the end of production, a handful of days were spent picking up additional shots in a swimming pool, because shooting in open water can be prohibitively difficult and expensive when it comes to insurance. “But we did it and we split it with body doubles,” he says of the underwater scenes. “We took the girls and some of the boys underwater but did some extra shoots in the swimming pool. I wanted to do as little as possible in the pool to get the authentic environment. Everybody had training for diving, so it was a big setup.

“Every day’s a challenge when you’re filming such a series. You’re shooting five to six sequences a day. It’s written like a feature film, so the expectation is everything is a climax, and working with the actors is very intense. It’s a very ambitious show with a lot of stunts, talent and special effects, and 70 days to make it up in a tight budget is quite a big challenge. It was a major challenge in every aspect.”

It is Apnea’s approach both to storytelling and to filmmaking, however, that Trousselier believes will make it stand out from other series featuring sirens. “It’s unique in the sense you never see the story treated this way,” he adds. “It’s a deeper approach to that legend – it’s very realistic, mixed with a bit of the fantastic. The cop story also makes it unique. It’s not a teenage drama, it’s a grown-up show. There are a lot of young people in it, but the whole idea behind it is very new and refreshing.”

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The Lynč effect

SHOWRUNNER, , ,

What started as a teaching exercise became a landmark coproduction between Czech Television and Arte in the shape of drama series Lynč (The Lynching). DQ speaks to showrunner Harold Apter about creating the Czech show and bringing the US creative process to Europe.

Czech drama Lynč (The Lynching) tells the story of an outsider, Lukas, who arrives in a small town and begins to investigate a murder, leading to the discovery of secrets and lies hidden among the tight-knit community.

It was another outsider, though, US showrunner Harold Apter, who was instrumental in bringing the series to air.

Apter, whose screenwriting credits include Ryan’s Hope, The Sentinel and Walker, Texas Range had arrived in the Czech Republic as part of teaching exercise to help develop new television writers. The scheme was backed by broadcaster Czech Television and several of the country’s film schools.

The group created several pilots, which were then presented to the broadcaster and its head of content development, Jan Maxa, and Lynč was chosen to be developed further. A six-strong writers room, plus Apter, pieced the story together and wrote the final scripts, with an eight-part series now due to air this year on Czech Television. In a landmark deal, it is also the broadcaster’s first coproduction with Franco-German network Arte, which has picked up the drama to air in 2019.

Harold Apter

Script work began back in December 2015, before further development was approved the following June. Five scripts became eight, which were then rewritten, before a decision to change a key part of the story – the killer’s identity – meant figuring out the first three episodes all over again.

“We got to the end and the first episodes were not working as we wanted, which happens a lot,” Apter tells DQ at Série Series, where the series was presented to delegates in Fontainebleau, France. “Last summer we just decided it needed something – more depth – so there was a character who was in jail, but he’s not in jail anymore. Stuff happens to him that’s unexpected and we were able to build Lukas more because this guy gave us more stuff to explore.

“Casting is also really important because if you cast the wrong actor, it doesn’t matter what your story is, it’s not going to work. So we worked really hard on the casting, looking for very specific types of people.”

As well as the unusual origin of the project, Lynč stands out because it is a European drama produced under the US showrunner system, led by Apter. “I’m like a space alien,” says Apter, who also directs the series with Jan Bártek and Klára Jůzová.

“It’s very interesting because there is a clash. It’s about production culture. In the US, people get paid a lot more money to do it. Here, it’s a little more genteel. The result has been really good, but the idea of the writer running things is like anathema, because in the European style, it’s the director. Everybody asks who our director is and I’m like, ‘Well, we have a showrunner.’ It’s been difficult for some people to adapt to it because it is a very different way of addressing the storytelling.”

Lynč (The Lynching) will air on Czech Television this year and on Arte in 2019

Apter also had to adapt to the local language, as the drama was filmed in Czech. However, during the two-year development process, the scripts were written and edited in English before one of the writing team translated the finished drafts.

“It’s a strange experience, especially when I’m directing. I know what the scenes are, I know what’s being said but everybody around me is also speaking Czech,” he says. “I was not really prepared for that kind of situation, where everybody around me is speaking animatedly but I don’t know what the hell they’re talking about!

“But in terms of storytelling and what we’re doing, it’s exactly the same as what I’ve done before. Sitting in the editing room’s the same, sitting on the set is the same. You need to get the same kind of things addressed and accomplished.”

But is the showrunner model practical in countries that have not used it before and where shows do not run to the same volume as US network series? Apter says it is “absolutely viable.” He continues: “I really believe there’s a reason why US television plays everywhere. It’s because of this system, because we have a consistency of storytelling that generates from the writer. So the difficulty in adapting this model to European television is that ‘who’s the director?’ question. Maybe you’ll have one director, maybe you’ll have five, but the director is there basically to serve the writer’s story and not the other way around.

“So culturally it’s about breaking out of a system where each creative energy gets to do whatever they want and moving into a situation where you have an ultimate person who’s saying, ‘No, this doesn’t go with my story.’ It’s a question of changing culture.”

The show sees an outsider uncovering the secrets of a close-knit community

The Lynching features an ensemble of characters, led by Lukas, who brings the audience into the story. When he arrives in the town, he is confronted by different families with different problems, including the victim’s family and others who are discovered to be hiding deep dark secrets.

“The idea is that there’s this little town where everybody is very close but nobody really knows what’s going on with anybody else,” Apter says. “It’s about the secrets we keep from other people and ourselves in this little bohemian town. We worked really hard to give each character layers so they’re not exactly who they seem on the surface. One of the first sequences we have is a fair set up in the town with all the characters in disguise, emotionally. Everyone looks happy and then we start to take the masks off. Bit by bit, we find out more, and finally at the end we see what happened.”

It’s that focus on character that Apter believes is key to any drama’s success, noting that it’s the people portrayed on screen that keep viewers in their seats and away from distractions like they would be in a cinema.

“The most important thing about television is how we invest in the characters and their story,” he adds. “That’s where the showrunner system really works, because I’m there to make sure that happens. My only concern is performance and character, and are we telling the story so that each episode meets the next coherently. If you have one that doesn’t, people stop watching.”

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Staying alive

The Director’s Chair, ,

Writer-director Thomas Cailley introduces DQ to Ad Vitam, a French sci-fi thriller in which two detectives are tasked to investigate a mass suicide in a futuristic world in which death has been ‘cured.’

Described as a mix between Korean crime film Memories of Murder, seminal sci-fi movie Blade Runner and iconic TV drama The X-Files, French thriller Ad Vitam is set in a futuristic world where everyone believes death has been ‘cured.’ But what happens when the bodies of seven youngsters are discovered – apparently the participants of a mass suicide.

The story sees Darius (played by Yvan Attal), a 120-year-old cop, tasked with investigating alongside his rebellious partner Christa (Garance Marillier). The cast also includes Niels Schneider, Rod Paradot, Hanna Schygulla, Anne Azoulay, Ariane Labed, Victor Assié and Anthony Bajon, with music composed by Parisian collective HiTnRuN.

Produced by Kelija for French-German network Arte, the six-part series is distributed by Lagardère Studios Distribution. Ad Vitam screened earlier this year at Séries Mania in Lille, France, and today it will be shown at the Toronto International Film Festival in Canada.

Here, director and co-writer Thomas Cailley (Les Combattants, Trepalium) tells DQ more about the series.

Thomas Cailley, director and co-writer of Ad Vitam

How would you describe the story of Ad Vitam?
In a world where death is thought to have been conquered, young people are finding it harder to find their place. Darius, a 120-year-old cop, is investigating the collective suicide of a group of minors. Was it a death pact, a political act, a cry for help from a desperate generation? Darius heads up the investigation and takes Christa, a suicidal young rebel, along for the ride on this voyage of initiation to the depths of a world drifting toward eternity – or oblivion.

What are the origins of the series?
Today, life expectancy in France is 82, well beyond the biological barrier we thought was unsurpassable only decades ago. Co-author Sébastien Mounier and I became interested in this desire for life extension, the far-fetched promises that come with it, and frightening transhumanist prophecies that consider death an anomaly, a disease that can be cured. Family, work and relationships would all be redefined. Among the countless questions raised by the promise of immortality, one seemed crucial to us: what place do young generations inhabit in a world where people don’t die? Can a civilisation survive without renewing itself, without evolving? It was this mind-boggling, existential malaise that we chose to explore.

How did you blend elements of science fiction with the hard-boiled crime genre?
We wanted to situate Ad Vitam at the crossroads of several genres, blending crime thriller, sci-fi, fantasy and occasionally comedy. The advantage of the crime thriller, and of hard-boiled crime in particular, is its porous nature. It’s a very ‘impure’ genre that allows for lots of things: to question and critique social order, develop complex characters and combine action with a kind of reflection, of poetry. The sci-fi setting as a backdrop makes the story stronger and the metaphor clearer. It allows for more candid questions about youth, death and passing down between generations.

What type of world did you want to create? What rules did you put in place for the characters and society at large?
We wanted it to be a world that was democratic and full of life – in other words, a world that asked itself questions. It is not a pure dystopia where an overpowering authority lays down the rules of the game, in the process confining the characters and reducing the metaphor to a societal game. We took this simple question as a starting point: if tomorrow we found a way to defy death, and it was sold at the local drugstore, who would we be to reject it? We wanted the regeneration to be a free and personal choice. In other words, a moral choice, accompanied by mind-blowing questions like is a person who doesn’t grow old still a person? Does eternal life still have meaning? Does death define one’s humanity?

Yvan Attal plays Darius, a 120-year-old police officer

How was the story developed with Arte?
We sent Arte a 30-page concept pitch, with elements of the synopsis, character backgrounds and a rough idea of its visual and stylistic world. Arte encouraged us to continue. When we sent them the pilot script, that’s when they decided to get on board. After that, we started a series of regular exchanges with them, about the drama and plot as well as our vision of the central themes of the series (the question of death and youth). It took a year-and-a-half to develop it.

How would you describe the writing process?
As organic as possible. Here again, we took the characters as the starting point. Who is Darius? What does it mean to be 120 years old? What does he need from Christa? What does their encounter stir up in them? How do their visions of the world differ? Do they still have anything to transmit to each other, in a world where there is nothing to transmit? And so on. The criminal intrigue followed, twisting its way around their personal journeys. Sébastien and I agreed we didn’t want to impose a preordained structure or story on the characters. Instead, we let the characters guide our writing, without planning ahead what would happen, which is why the ‘codes’ of this new world are not all set out from the start in the pilot. We learn how the society works as the story progresses. We wanted the adventure to be immersive, for their world to be revealed in depth, layer by layer. Evil does lurk in the shadows of this world, but it takes time to show its true face.

What style or tone were you aiming for and how did you achieve this?
We wanted to have the investigation unfold like a journey; a journey of initiation and of the senses. It is experienced by the characters and, I hope, by the viewers as something physical and philosophical, but also like a trip. To sum up, I’d say Ad Vitam is a cross between Memories of Murder, Blade Runner and The X-Files.

Garance Marillier as Darius’s partner, Christa

How was music from HiTnRuN used to enhance the drama?
I had already worked with HiTnRuN on my first feature, Les Combattants. I had really liked their sound and their approach, which combines electronic and analog music in a very natural way. Electronic music can often sound cold and automatic; this isn’t the case with their music.
Generally, we agreed never to have atmospheric music. Music is either there or it isn’t, but when it’s there, you can hear it. It doesn’t hide and it’s never used to fill a silence.

What were the biggest challenges on the series?
Apart from two sequences, the entire show was filmed in real locations. That’s about 100 different sets for the six episodes. We tried to limit our use of green screens as much as possible. It was a necessary choice to make the story and its world as real as possible. The special effects naturally served to enhance the whole. But in terms odf creating worlds and decors in the abstract, we had neither the means nor the desire to do so. It’s something you can always sense in the end; it derealises the action and saps the emotion. I think to create and develop a complex, living world, you need to start with complex, living matter.

How does Ad Vitam stand out from other dramas in France?
Yvan Attal and Garance Marillier! In their first series, Yvan brings to Darius all his charisma, intelligence and a strength that the camera immediately latches on to. Garance brings to Christa her intensity, instinct and stunning determination. Yvan and Garance together form a character and actor duo that is unexpected yet utterly evident. And we are lucky that they are surrounded by a great many talented actors: Niels Schneider, Ariane Labed, Rod Paradot, Hanna Schygulla, Anthony Bajon, Vassili Schneider…

How does the series appeal to an international audience?
Sci-fi and genre fiction in general allows for the development of powerful metaphors, and the building of an imaginary world that surpasses local particularities. I hope our series has all these strengths. Ad Vitam is French in its cast and language but universal in its themes and their portrayal.

How is French drama opening up to new genres and stories such as Ad Vitam?
It’s been a few years since a wave of freedom hit French television, and the boundary between film and TV has become blurred. Actors, directors and writers easily switch from one to the other now because they understand that television offers a creative space for truly exceptional projects, stories with very bold creative choices. There’s a real hunger for this genre in France, from both creators and viewers.

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Stars on show

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Television held its own at one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world as an array of talent and some stunning new shows landed in Germany for Berlinale’s fourth annual Drama Series Days. DQ was in town to find out more.

For those in the television industry, the chance to rub shoulders with A-list movie stars might once have seemed a pipe dream. But for anyone who attended the Berlin International Film Festival this week, that dream was very much a reality.

Now in its fourth year, Berlinale’s Drama Series Days has established itself as one of the premier television events around the world as the German capital rolls out the red carpet for stars of the big screen – and small.

To find yourself caught up in a maelstrom of photographers’ flash bulbs and screaming and cheering fans might not be an unusual event at a film festival. But to then peer over the barriers and find the stars of Australian drama Picnic at Hanging Rock posing for the cameras is proof that television is now assured of the same reverence as cinema. And for good reason. The talent the industry is able to attract is of a level never seen before in terms of movie stars signing up for longer-form storytelling. The productions themselves are also worthy of acclaim, with the word ‘cinematic’ a staple adjective regularly dished out to describe the scale of dramas now on screen.

Six-part miniseries Picnic at Hanging Rock stars Natalie Dormer

Picnic at Hanging Rock, which will air on Foxtel in Australia later this year and is distributed by FremantleMedia, is a case in point. Game of Thrones alum Natalie Dormer turns in a standout performance as Hester Appleyard, the headmistress of a girls’ boarding school that faces tragedy when three pupils disappear during a picnic at the titular rock. The series also pops with colour and visual flair thanks to director Larysa Kondracki, making it stand shoulder-to-shoulder with Peter Weir’s celebrated 1975 film adaptation of Joan Lindsay’s novel, which also serves as the source of the television reimagining.

The six-part miniseries – there will be no sequel that goes beyond the book, delegates in Berlin were told – was one of seven screenings that took place as part of the Berlinale Series programme, highlighting some of the biggest new dramas from around the world.

Others included Israeli psychological thriller Sleeping Bears, written and directed by Keren Magalit (Yellow Peppers, The A Word), and Bad Banks. The latter is described as a six-part Machiavellian thriller set in the ruthless world of international finance and the stock market. Produced by Letterbox Filmproduktion and Iris Production for ZDF (Germany) and Arte (France), it has already been picked up by HBO Europe, Walter Presents UK, RTÉ in Ireland, Sundance TV Iberia and RTP in Portugal ahead of its debut next month.

Two new Scandinavian dramas were also selected. Heimebane (Home Ground) tackles gender issues as a female football coach becomes the first woman to take charge of a men’s team in the Norwegian premier league. Already commissioned for a second season by NRK, it stars Ane Dahl Torp and former footballer John Carew, well known to fans in Europe after playing for sides including Valencia and Aston Villa, as well as the Norway national team.

Heimebane is about a female football coach and also features ex-player John Carew (left)

Meanwhile, amid talk of Scandi broadcasters losing interest in what the rest of the world calls Nordic noir, one show is set to push new boundaries at Danish net DR. Known for its original series including Forbrydelsen (The Killing), Borgen and Broen (The Bridge), DR’s forthcoming drama Liberty stands out as something totally different for the channel. It also marks a rare book adaptation to land on the network.

Based on Jakob Ejersbo’s novel, it follows a group of Scandinavian expats living and working in Tanzania, and explores themes of corruption, identity, morals and friendship. Hollywood actor Connie Nielsen joined fellow cast members including Carsten Bjørnlund plus creator Asger Leth and director Mikael Marcimain on the red carpet in Berlin.

The Berlinale official selection was completed by two new US series, showcasing the vast range of storytelling television now affords. The Looming Tower, debuting next month on US streamer Hulu and showcased in Berlin by European partner Amazon, is based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Lawrence Wright. The story traces the rising threat of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda in the late 1990s and how the rivalry between the FBI and CIA at that time may have set the path for tragedy on 9/11.

Stars Jeff Daniels, Ali Soufan, Peter Sarsgaard and showrunner Dan Futterman (pictured top) were in Germany to promote the show, which injects reality into a Homeland-style political thriller.

Tobias Menzies (left) and Jared Harris in forthcoming AMC drama The Terror

At the other end of the spectrum, meanwhile, is The Terror, AMC’s take on the true story of the crews of two British Royal Navy ships that attempt to discover the Northwest Passage in the mid-1800s. This isn’t just another historical drama, however. Faced with treacherous conditions, limited resources and a fear of the unknown, the crew members are pushed to the brink of extinction as they face all kinds of dangers, from both human and otherworldly sources.

The mix of horror and the supernatural, coupled with the eerie Arctic landscapes, certainly makes this show one to watch, with co-showrunners David Kajganich and Soo Hugh promising to reward viewers through the 10-part series, which features Jared Harris (Mad Men) and Tobias Menzies (Outlander) among the ensemble cast.

The strength of the drama on show this week in Berlin and the number of small-screen stars descending upon the city were proof of television’s strength at an event usually revered as one of the most prestigious film festivals on the international circuit. With more film talent on both sides of the camera now championing the opportunities offered by longform storytelling, and the chance to develop characters across more than a two-hour period, coupled with television’s new openness to genre and plot, expect to see television play an even greater role in at Berlinale in 2019.

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Monkey business

IN FOCUS, , ,

Comedy drama Kim Kong retells an unbelievable and compelling true story for French broadcaster Arte. Thomas Bourguignon from producer Kwaï Productions tells DQ about the series.

It’s a story stranger than fiction: a movie director is kidnapped by a foreign dictator and ordered to make a new version of King Kong that will bring glory to his country.

And yet the premise of French comedy drama Kim Kong is based on an unlikely true story.

The series follows Mathieu Stannis, a bitter and frustrated director who, while shooting a mindless action flick in Asia, is abducted by spies from a neighbouring country. Enraged by his country’s abysmal movie production industry, the despot wants the French filmmaker to helm a new adaptation of classic monster movie King Kong that will glorify his regime.

Faced with an inept crew, equipment that dates from the Cold War and the crazy demands of the dictator, Mathieu’s life now depends on the success of the film.

The series has a strong pedigree, coming from the firm behind political drama Baron Noir, Kwaï Productions. Armance coproduces the show for French broadcaster Arte, while FremantleMedia International distributes.

Here, producer Thomas Bourguignon from Kwaï tells DQ about the story that inspired the series and the challenges he faced in production.

Thomas Bourguignon

What were the origins of the series?
The idea came from Simon Jablonka, the screenwriter. He told me the story of South Korean director Shin Sang-ok who was kidnapped by North Korea in the late 1970s. The leader at that time asked him to direct movies, notably a remake of Godzilla, which is called Pulgasari. We wanted to make a show about this situation, with a guy who is kidnapped by a dictator who wants him to make a movie.
We wanted to look at this kind of story and make a show not about North Korea but about dictatorship and the freedom to be creative, and how you can create when you’re trapped like this.
Our other inspiration was Misery, Stephen King’s novel, because it’s also about a guy who’s kidnapped by a fan and he has to rewrite his last book because she’s not happy with it. So there were two sources of inspiration. We wanted to make this story not about a specific regime or specific country but about every country, every regime and every type of creator. It’s really about creativity and constraints.

How do you balance the comedy and drama?
The situation is very dramatic from the beginning to the end but it’s dramatic as in movies like Gold Rush, MASH or The Ladykillers. The ground is very serious but we build several distortions that make comedy. It’s a question of life and death but we wanted to have elements where you can do nothing but laugh. The situation is always serious and asks the main character, played by Jonathan Lambert, to be very serious. So everyone around him acts strangely but he is very straight. The conflict between his straightness and the strangeness around him creates the humour.

How was the show developed with the network?
We wrote two or three pitches describing the plot, the main characters, our sources of inspiration and what we wanted to speak about. We also discussed the work of a screenwriter in the world of broadcasters. Sometimes you are confronted by a situation when the broadcaster asks you to cut things and change things. It was funny to tell to Arte we were going to talk about broadcasters – they found it very satirical. Arte is one of the most creative channels in France so we were very at ease with them. We always worked with Arte because we were sure it was not something for other broadcasters – it was a question of format and spirit. It was a new kind of comedy for Arte too because this kind of comedy isn’t on TV.

Kim Kong is based on the true story of a director kidnapped by a dictator and forced to make a movie

How would you describe the writing process?
There were two writers: Simon Jablonka at the beginning, and then we hired Alex Le Sec. It was written very quickly – we knew where we wanted to go and we were precise about what kind of comedy we wanted to make. The question was more about the drama because we were asking ourselves, ‘Are people going to continue to laugh if we kill someone off?’ We also wanted to be very clear that the show was not about North Korea; it’s about a fictional country. So we had to ask ourselves a lot of questions about the language the characters should speak in this place.
For a while we wanted everyone to speak in English because that’s the convention when you see an American movie, with everyone speaking English even though the action takes place in Germany or Turkey or wherever. But Arte were very clear they wanted it to be shot in French and another language because they are a Franco-German channel, so it was important for them to promote the French language.
In the end we decided to let them speak in Chinese, as the action takes place in Asia and it’s a common language for the region – but it’s not about China either. It was easy for us to say it’s filmed in Chinese and it was also easier for casting to find Chinese-speaking actors in France because we have a big community of Chinese people in Paris.
We spent a long time casting, as there are not a lot of French movies shot with Chinese actors. We were not sure we could find anyone, so we started the casting very early in the process, even before the scripts were finished, to be sure to find them in France.
Arte was excited by our casting. The majority of the actors are Chinese-speakers, but not all of them. The ones who weren’t Chinese had to learn the language phonetically and it was a long process; they had to be trained by Chinese teachers. Frédéric Chau, who plays Choi Han Sung, and Christophe Tek, who plays the dictator, are not Chinese speakers, so they had to learn everything by heart. It was difficult for them but they did it very well. It was a real challenge for them and for the director to direct in Chinese too.

How did the writers work with the director to create the look of the show?
We made a mood board with the director, Stephen Cafiero. He’s a young director; it was the first time we worked with him and the first time he worked with Arte. He had done a very good family comedy before and I saw some of the commercials he had done as well.
It was interesting for us because we had to create a whole world that doesn’t exist – the clothes, the set decoration, everything had to be invented. So he collected lots of images from lots of different regimes, from Russia to China, Korea to Cambodia, and we created the look of our regime using the mood board.
We decided to mainly shoot in the studio because it’s a movie about movies and creation, so we wanted to control the look of the movie. We shot 90% in the studio in Paris, where we built the sets.
As our country doesn’t exist, we wanted to create our own look. It was not in Cambodia, Thailand or South Korea, it was not in China. We never found the right country because they were either too modern, too old or too specific. It didn’t correspond to what we dreamed of, so we decided to make it in France in a studio. The exteriors were filmed in Thailand.
After we finished shooting, we erased everything we didn’t want in the frame, using lots of special effects to erase houses that weren’t on our mood board. That took a lot of work in post-production.

The show was created by Bourguignon and Simon Jablonka, who previously worked together on Baron Noir (pictured)

What were the biggest challenges?
In addition to the casting and the language, finding out where we were going to shoot was also challenging. At one point we thought we were going to shoot in Kazakhstan because because we found very interesting locations there and we thought we could cast people from Central Asia. [Kazakh capital] Astana is an amazing city but it is very difficult to shoot there because Kazakhstan’s president is not very democratic. We scouted across the world looking for a set for a long time before finally shooting in Paris!
Our King Kong is very small – that’s part of the problem for the director in the movie because the camera is very old, it’s shot in 16mm and the crew is very inefficient. And he has to shoot something, because the dictator has told him, ‘Either you shoot something or we shoot you.’ So the tension between the reality and what the dictator wants makes the comedy of it.

What new stories are being told in France?
This is something quite new; something that would have once been impossible. We first had this idea years ago, before Simon and I decided now would be a good time to try it. We were finishing Baron Noir and I said I would like to make a comedy about politics. It’s something that couldn’t have been done four or five years ago, but there have been many changes in France and broadcasters are more open-minded than before. They know the audience want something new, something different. They are watching series on different platforms. It’s a good time for producers and creators.

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Storm brewing

DQ TV, , , , , ,

Never one to shy away from a challenge, Adam Price’s first major TV project brought the machinations of a coalition government to Danish screens with Borgen, which picked up an International Bafta during its three-season run.

Now he is taking on religion in Ride Upon the Storm, with two seasons of the show already commissioned by Denmark’s DR and Arte France.

Sitting alongside star Lars Mikkelsen, Price tells DQ how he hopes to address the big questions of life and religion in the show, which ostensibly focuses on the family of Mikkelsen’s priest Johannes, his wife and, in particular, their two sons, who each choose different religious paths.

Ride Upon the Storm is produced by SAM Productions and distributed by StudioCanal.

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France’s finest

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From a pair of mystery dramas and the introduction of the ‘female Columbo’ to the story of a film director forced to make a new version of King Kong for a power-mad dictator, French drama is set to enjoy a breakout year. DQ casts its eye over some of the new series coming to the small screen.

Baron Noir season two
The ‘French House of Cards’ returns. Produced by Kwai for Canal+ and distributed by StudioCanal.

Why was Baron Noir season one so successful around the world?
Producer Thomas Bourguignon: Politics is back – and even if Baron Noir is about French politicians, it deals with the same problems every politician has to face. That’s the reason the show reaches a global audience. The style of the series also had a great impact. Baron Noir is a thriller, a very tense drama with a cinematographic style, a dramaturgy you can’t escape, and editing that makes it as addictive as possible. The performance of the actors is also astonishing. It’s a universal story of revenge, which is one of the most powerful motivations in a drama.

How does season two move the story forward?
We shot season two during the French presidential and legislative elections. No one is capable of predicting what is going to happen, so we have decided to follow our own story. What’s important is that the preoccupations and the big picture of the politicians’ lives are accurate and realistic, whoever is running the country in real life. So in season two, Amélie Dorendeu (Anna Mouglalis) is elected president and Philippe Rickwaert (Kad Merad, pictured) is her special advisor. But democracy is threatened by two evil forces: jihadism and the far right. Our two lead characters become ever more divided and separate from each other and fight to save the republic.

What are the biggest challenges in producing the series?
We started shooting with four scripts out of eight, because of the availability of the cast. It was a challenging race to have the final scripts ready to shoot and keep the quality.

Zone Blanche (Black Spot)
A local sheriff seeks the truth about a mysterious town. Produced by Ego Productions and Be-Films for France 2 and distributed by AB International Distribution.

Where did the idea for Black Spot come from?
Series creator Mathieu Missoffe: Based on initial conversations with producer Vincent Mouluquet, I originally set out to build a strong mystery set in an isolated place that would feel familiar and strange at the same time. We knew this had to be a very visual show to stand out, so we moved away from traditional urban crime shows, instead focusing on a small, colourful community surrounded by hostile and untamed nature. This is how our fictitious town of Villefranche came to life, a place that has its own rules and atmosphere, with a blend of influences ranging from Twin Peaks to Nordic noir.

What is the style or tone of the series?
The show borrows from different genres to create its own unique identity. It doesn’t shy away from gritty crime scenes, but we twisted familiar crime show elements by adding a western movie look and occasionally flirting with fantasy as far as the surrounding nature is concerned. A slight touch of comedy is also part of the mix – a necessary addition to create the kind of entertainment we feel is relevant for today’s general audience.

How is French drama evolving?
The good news is that most of the old taboos that used to drag down French fiction have now collapsed. Politics and religion are back on the map, while darker and edgier stories are gaining traction. It’s definitely an exciting time, with our traditional realistic auteur shows now able to coexist with series that are trying to open new doors in entertainment with exotic locations, big-budget coproductions or new genres. At the same time, talents in front of and behind the camera are finally crossing over between film and television, resulting in even more opportunities.

Capitaine Marleau (Chief Inspector Marleau)
A ‘female Columbo’ tackles crime with her own offbeat methods. Produced by Passion Films for France 3 and distributed by France TV Distribution.

What are the origins of the show?
Producer Gaspard de Chavagnac: Our lead actor Corinne Masiero (far left) first portrayed Capitaine Marleau in French miniseries Entre Vents et Marées (Between Winds and Tides), directed by Josée Dayan. She played the part with such wit and originality that we immediately decided to pitch France 3 the character as the heroine of a new cop series. The network did not hesitate long before ordering a 90-minute pilot.

How was the series developed with France 3?
After the success of the pilot, written by Elsa Marpeau and again directed by Josée Dayan, France 3 agreed to develop two more episodes and then three others. We are currently producing the second season.

How did you cast the series?
As Masiero was not very well known, we sought famous guest stars for each episode. Gérard Depardieu agreed to appear in the first episode, followed by other actors familiar to French viewers – including Victoria Abril, Muriel Robin, Jean-Pierre Marielle, Sandrine Bonnaire and Pierre Arditi. The result was an average of 4.3 million viewers for our first four episodes.

La Forêt (The Forest)
A small town is gripped by fear when people begin to disappear in a mysterious forest. Produced by Carma Films for France 3 and distributed by About Premium Content (APC).

Tell us about the show.
APC founder and joint CEO Emmanuelle Guilbart: The Forest is a modern crime series with a gripping story set against a mysterious background. An audience-friendly thriller at heart, it does not, however, shy away from social themes, setting out to provide a realistic portrayal of issues surrounding today’s youth.

How would you describe the writing process?
Contrary to the current writers room trend, The Forest was written by a single screenwriter, Delinda Jacobs. She came to us with a very precise idea of what the show would look like and the commissioning channel, which wanted to modernise its line-up, was very supportive from the start.

What was the biggest challenge during production?
The biggest challenge for us was finding the right actors. We wanted the story to feel real, with life-like characters and true emotions, so we spent a lot of time looking for people who were able to convey this feeling to the audience. We think we found the right team with Alexia Barlier (pictured left, 13 Hours), Suzanne Clément (Mommy, Laurence Anyways) and Samuel Labarthe (The Little Murders of Agatha Christie) for the main roles.

What new stories are being told in French drama?
French drama has always had a social focus and a taste for realistic and intimate stories. What’s changing is that there is now a new appeal for modern narrative forms, new genres and writing techniques. The Forest is definitely part of that movement, keeping in line with parts of the French cinematic tradition but opening up to new and highly effective ways of telling stories.

Les Témoins (Witnesses) season two
The return of the atmospheric crime thriller. Produced by Cinétévé for France 2 and distributed by Newen Distribution.

Why was Witnesses season one so successful around the world?
Director Hervé Hadmar: The plot, the atmosphere and detective Sandra Winckler (Marie Dompnier, below right). The audience just wants to know who this woman is.

How does season two move the story forward?Witnesses is, of course, the story of Sandra. In season one, she has learned that the ‘ideal family’ does not exist. Her husband is not Prince Charming – and Sandra herself is not so perfect. At the beginning of season two, she’s living alone with her two daughters. She still believes in love, of course, but has to ask herself, ‘Is love the greatest danger?’ As for the main plot, it centres on unravelling what happened to 15 men who are found dead, totally frozen, on a bus. It emerges that they all loved the same woman, Catherine Keemer (Audrey Fleurot, below left). Who is Catherine Keemer? Is she responsible for their deaths? Season two explores the relationship between Sandra and Catherine.

How would you describe your directing process?
I do not fight against the ‘principe de réalité’ – pressures of time or accidental events. I’m trying to use those little incidents, bad weather, for example, to create something new. I have learned to be excited by asking myself, ‘What the hell is going to happen today?’

What is the style or tone of the show?
A Nordic noir with a delicate, strange and almost hypnotic atmosphere.

How is French drama evolving?
With more mature themes and artistic values. Challenging ourselves and challenging the audience is very important. We have learned to take risks but there is still a lot of progress to make. For that, let’s hope success will continue to knock on our doors.

Transferts (Transfer)
Five years after a man drowns, his mind is transferred into someone else’s body. But at a time when ‘transfers’ are outlawed, he must live undercover to avoid detection. Produced by Filmagine, Be-Films and Panama Productions for Arte, and distributed by Lagardère Studios Distribution.

What are the origins of the show?
Producer/co-writer Patrick Benedek: The series grew out of my friendship with Claude Scasso. For a while we’d been wanting to make a thrilling sci-fi series, aware that in France, at the time, no network wanted to go down that road. It was very liberating for me – I could give free rein to all my beginner’s mistakes! I didn’t imagine for a minute that the project would see the light of day.

How would you describe the writing process?
Claude and I worked on the conception and construction of episodes together, in meetings and with notes. We spent entire days projecting ourselves into our characters and our universe – with a creative purpose but also with a keen critical eye on each other’s proposals – until we got that exhilarating feeling that we had something. That’s the advantage of knowing each other well, of not having an oversized ego and of being a team. After that, Claude would write a first draft of the treatments, which I would then rework. Finally, he would go over what I wrote, and I would go over what he did, until we were both satisfied.

What were the biggest challenges during production?
In France, it’s always the same problem – do as much as possible as well as possible with the little financial resources we have. This means always knowing how to get the most out of your resources; knowing how to distribute them while maintaining your artistic vision.

Kim Kong
While filming in Asia, a director is kidnapped by a neighbouring dictatorship and ordered to make a new version of King Kong. Produced by Kwai and Armance for Arte and distributed by FremantleMedia International.

What are the origins of the series?
Producer Thomas Bourguignon: The idea came from Simon Jablonka, the screenwriter. He told me the story of a South Korean director, Shin Sang-ok, who was kidnapped by North Korea in the late 1970s and told to direct movies, notably a remake of Godzilla, which was called Pulgasari. We wanted to make a show about this situation, with a guy who is kidnapped by a dictator who wants him to make a movie. The other inspiration was Misery, Stephen King’s novel with a similar theme, being about an author who’s kidnapped by an deranged fan and forced rewrite his last book because she’s not happy with it. But our story is not about a specific regime or specific country; it’s really about creativity and constraints.

How do you balance the drama with elements of comedy?The situation is very dramatic from the beginning to the end, but in a similar style to movies like Gold Rush, M.A.S.H. or The Ladykillers. The subject is very serious and dramatic but we build in several contradictions that create comedy. It’s a question of life and death but the director has to deal with an inept crew, equipment that dates from the Cold War and the crazy demands of the leader, so there are lots of elements where you can do nothing but laugh.

What was the biggest challenge?
Mostly the casting and the language (with the show being filmed in French and Chinese). But also working out where we were going to shoot. As our dictatorship doesn’t exist in real life, we looked for a location for months before deciding to film 90% of the series in a studio in Paris.

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Perfect Storm

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A family of priests are at the centre of Herrens Veje (Ride Upon the Storm), Danish writer Adam Price’s follow-up to political drama Borgen.

From a topic that may not immediately seem the most exciting – coalition politics in Denmark – Borgen creator Adam Price (pictured above) crafted a captivating drama that gripped audiences around the world. And now, turning his attention to religion in the forthcoming Herrens Veje (Ride Upon the Storm), the writer is hoping lightning will strike for a second time.

The series reunites Price with producer Camilla Hammerich and Danish broadcaster DR to tell the story of a family of Danish priests. While one son has followed his father into the priesthood, his brother has chosen another path.

The cast is headed by Lars Mikkelsen and Ann Eleonora Jørgensen as the parents, with Simon Sears and Morten Hee Andersen as their grown-up sons.

“I can think of no other broadcaster in Denmark that would be willing to tell a story that is as tricky, difficult, demanding and potentially provocative as this will be,” Price says. “My last show dealt with politics and I thought, ‘Where do I move from this?’ You can [take inspiration from] so many emotions as a writer – the emotion for this show is definitely curiosity.

“In the times we are living in now, it’s almost more political to write about religion than about politics – because when we’re talking about integration, immigration, social issues, geopolitics and terrorism, we are in fact dealing with religious issues. It is one of the great topics of our time.”

L-R: Ride Upon the Storm stars Lars Mikkelsen, Ann Eleonora Jørgensen, Simon Sears and Morten Hee Andersen

It’s the family at the centre of the story through which such issues are explored. “If you want a compelling story, you need to tell it from the point of view of the characters,” says Price. “It would be very difficult to talk about religion from too aloof a position, to talk about great ideas, religious history. It’s too big. You need to pull it down to a human level. The characters must always be at the heart of the story.”

DR is producing Ride Upon the Storm as a coproduction with French-German network Arte and SAM le Français, in association with distributor StudioCanal. The series, which is being filmed in Denmark and Spain, will debut this fall with 10 episodes, while DR has already ordered a second 10-episode season scheduled to air in autumn 2018.

Alongside Forbrydelsen (The Killing) and Broen/Bron (The Bridge), Borgen is regularly held up as one of the TV dramas that brought Danish – and Scandinavian – drama front and centre on the world stage.

“Nobody ever thought Borgen would travel or moderately interest an audience because, when you pitch the series, everybody should be running away screaming,” Price jokes of its niche political content. “Religion is definitely just as difficult a main topic as politics, but if you have captivating character stories then you can talk about all the difficult things on top of that. That was the way we told the stories of Borgen so I’m delving into the same bag of tricks. I hope it will still work.”

Price (centre) surrounded by the cast of his political drama Borgen

With the show in development for two-and-a-half years, Price spent six months working on Ride Upon the Storm by himself before setting up a small writers room, just as he did with Borgen, which was penned by just three writers for the first two seasons. Staff writers Karina Dam and Poul Berg joined Price in writing the first 14 episodes across Ride Upon the Storm’s two planned seasons, while Price and Dam are completing the final six episodes together.

The writers room, however, was more than just a collaborative effort. Price explains: “It was very important for me to have different attitudes of faith in the writers room – Karina is a Christian, Poul is probably an agnostic and I guess I am a non-believer myself, but a very curious one. It’s important in a show
like this that we take religion and faith extremely seriously.

“I’m not here to make people not believe, and the show is also not there to make people believe. What we really want with the show, apart from telling hopefully compelling, character-driven stories about faith and religion, is to make viewers wonder about
faith and religious issues and to make people discuss them.”

As the head writer, Price is typically hands-on across the entire project, overseeing up to six drafts of each script before they are approved for shooting. “I try to sketch out the full season because we need to know what we are moving towards so we don’t invent the world anew every time we storyline and pitch an episode,” he says. “It’s very important to know the end point on the map, so that while we can make many interesting and meaningful detours, there is a very clear course set for the whole story.

Ride Upon the Storm is ‘tricky, difficult, demanding and potentially provocative,’ says Price

“The actors know the characters’ mid-points and end points in the season. We discuss that vividly with them every time we meet. If a character is to suffer a nervous breakdown in two or three episodes’ time, the actor has a right to know so they can build up to that moment and it won’t be a steep mountain to climb in the actual episode. It’s so important that we can see small traits of [such a plot point] in the way the character behaves a few episodes in advance.”

Research is another part of Price’s writing process, but he says it’s important not to become “lost” in details that can limit creativity in the writers room. A priest has also been on hand as a religious advisor, sitting in the room once a month to listen to pitches for the next block of episodes.

“With reference to Borgen, it’s one thing to step on a person’s political beliefs, but it’s another entirely to step on their religious faith,” Price explains. “We need to know when we’re stepping on any toes; we can’t step too wildly and in all directions without researching or planning quite thoroughly. This is definitely territory where people can be very upset. It can and will probably happen.”

After the success of Borgen, which ran on DR for three seasons and starred Sidse Babett Knudsen as the Danish prime minister, Price admits he tries not to concern himself with the expectations over his follow-up series, which is coproduced by the SAM label founded by Price, fellow writer Søren Sveistrup (The Killing) and producer Meta Louise Foldager Sørensen (A Royal Affair) in 2014.

Also on SAM’s slate is Gidseltagningen (Below the Surface), a hostage drama for Denmark’s Kanal 5, and Mercur (Something’s Rockin’), a radio station-focused show that launched in March on TV2 Charlie. The company also has projects in development in Denmark and the UK, as well as the US with HBO and AMC.

“The Danish industry has changed – it has become much more international,” Price says. “We should just be grateful that we’re able to finance these shows with big countries in Europe and across the world.

“Now they know our shows – and if we can do something as good as The Killing, they want to be a part of it. That’s a great privilege because it allows us to tell even more ambitious stories. We are standing on the shoulders of our own success, which is very demanding but also a great privilege.”

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French drama: Vive la revolution

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French drama is evolving at an increasing pace, but while broadcasters and producers are widening their international horizons, the most dramatic changes are taking place at home.

Change is afoot in France, but while landmark international coproductions might be grabbing the headlines, traditional ciné movies and crime procedurals are being replaced by serialised dramas and a gamut of new genres on screen.

Tetra Media Fiction producer Emmanuel Daucé says French drama is in the middle of a revolution that dates back 10 years to when broadcasters shifted their focus from TV movies to series, inspired by the work of US premium cable network HBO.

Emmanuel Daucé
Emmanuel Daucé

Gritty crime dramas such as Braquo and Spiral subsequently broke through to the international market, and more producers are now trying to follow their lead as France seeks to capitalise on the increasing demand for global drama series.

One example is The Young Pope, which sees pay TV network Canal+ join forces with HBO and Sky to tell the controversial story of the beginning of Pope Pius XIII’s pontificate. The cast is headed by Jude Law and Diane Keaton, while all eight episodes will be directed by Oscar winner Paolo Sorrentino.

“It was HBO series, which not many people watched in France, that changed everything,” Daucé explains. “Telling stories through images is so important in France that we needed a cultural validation that TV could be interesting, and HBO helped a lot.”

Stéphane Drouet, producer and co-founder of MakingProd, says he is developing series for “almost every broadcaster,” as well as producing season three of cop show Cherif for France 2.

“Networks are still looking for self-contained episodes, but more and more they’re looking for serialised drama,” he adds. “Broadchurch did really well on France 2 and it may have accelerated the need for this kind of programme. They realised it would really work in primetime in France.

“Of course, there are still cop dramas. It’s a format that still works so well. But for a lot of years it was mainly procedural – now it’s more serialised, which is a good thing, and it also opens the door to more serialised dramas that aren’t about cops.”

Cherif, which airs on France 2
Cherif, which airs on France 2

Paris-based Ego Productions is behind TF1 series Alice Nevers, which will begin production on its 13th season this autumn, while new drama Zone Blanche, commissioned by France Télévisions, will begin shooting in April 2016. Ego is also responsible for the French adaptation of UK drama Doc Martin, which ran for four seasons on TF1.

Executive producer Pascal Wyn says French drama is playing catch-up to other territories by trying to broaden the international appeal of its stories, in the face of traditional series that still prove popular among domestic viewers.

“At the moment, the TV drama business is trying to create a revolution,” he explains. “French TV producers all want to make French television better and more international, as in Sweden, Germany and, of course, the USA. French producers want to make programmes with international appeal.

“Broadcasters say they are looking for new stories, but in fact they are very suspicious of new programmes because traditional French drama always works.”

Another factor behind the changing face of the country’s TV drama, according to Endemol France MD Nicholas Coppermann, is the decreasing reliance on US series. As long-term output deals for series such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Grey’s Anatomy, House and NCIS come to an end or the shows are cancelled, primetime slots are opening up for domestic series.

“The channels used US dramas as primetime shows and it was very difficult to compete using French scripted drama,” Coppermann says. “Although there are some very good US series now, they aren’t as mainstream or coherent with French tastes.

“The channels that previously thought it was expensive and risky to pay for local drama compared with US series now feel they need some strong local pieces. They are also ready to buy more series. All this combines to create a much more favourable environment for French writers, producers, actors and directors.”

Pascal Wyn of Ego Productions
Pascal Wyn of Ego Productions

Endemol label Leonis Productions was responsible for telemovie L’Emprise, which told the true story of a woman who was acquitted of killing her abusive husband. Coppermann says the project represented a leap of faith for TF1, which he says was rewarded with the highest-rating French drama since 2007, attracting 8.6 million viewers (and 9.8 million after seven days).

The film, which debuted in January, has since been sold to Antenna 3 in Spain.

“Our drama business is up and running and we recently signed a deal for a procedural with TF1, as well as a thriller miniseries called Le Domaine for M6,” Coppermann adds. “It is penned by writer/director Hervé Hadmar, who was behind the huge French hit Les Témoins (aka Witnesses), a drama that made quite some noise because it was sold to Channel 4 in the UK before its debut in France, which is quite rare.

“TF1 used to be sceptical about miniseries, but it’s more open to them now. There’s a movement towards more serialised miniseries in France because it’s easier to grip the audience’s attention with those. However, the main free-to-air channels still need some self-contained shows. So both those genres are required at the moment.

“Canal+ wants more miniseries because it wants to create an event with every show. I think it has come to realise that its returning series, no matter how good, are not making so much noise, so it needs to bring back miniseries. TF1 has a slot for procedurals on Thursday and it wants that to be strong, but it’s also open to miniseries. The time of ‘no serialised shows,’ which was making things complicated for the French creative community, is now behind us, so there’s room for all kinds of dramas.”

Canal+ is currently preparing for the fall launch of Versailles, a 10-part historical drama created by Simon Mirren and David Wolstencroft and produced by Capa Drama, Incendo and Zodiak Fiction.

But what is the cause of France’s late arrival to serialised series? Daucé says television in France has struggled to escape the shadow of cinema but, as in other territories, the tide is slowly turning in favour of the small screen. In particular, he credits another Canal+ series – breakout supernatural drama Les Revenants (aka The Returned) – for helping to improve the reputation of television series in France.

“Viewers weren’t very familiar with the format,” he says. “This is because of the importance of cinema in France. The biggest recent hit in France was Les Revenants. This is a brilliant TV series but its strength lies in its cinematic qualities. The filmmaking is brilliant. It was produced by Haut et Court, a production company that makes feature films, and was created by filmmaker Fabrice Gobert, not by someone from TV.

“Now, slowly, TV series in France are receiving hype. It’s only very recently that viewers and people in the industry have started to take more of an interest in television. There are two worlds in France — cinema and TV, and there’s still some friction between the two.”

Les Hommes de l'Ombre
Les Hommes de l’Ombre

Tetra Media Fiction’s slate includes period drama Un Village Français (pictured top), which will air its sixth season this autumn on France 3, with a seventh and final season due to begin production by the end of the year. It is also producing Les Hommes de l’Ombre, a political drama now in its third season on France 2.

Daucé adds that broadcasters are also now more open-minded about the type of series they broadcast. “Canal+ helped a lot, again with Les Revenants,” he explains. “This is a genre we never have usually. When I started Un Village Français, I was told period dramas were too difficult to produce and cost too much. But there have been a lot of period dramas since.

“Now we are, in a way, in a revolution of the way we think about TV series. Our problem is that for a long time we didn’t make TV series. We now have producers and writers who specialise in making them but this is still pretty new for us.”

With this shift in focus to television drama, the industry will only become more experienced, and this expertise will be boosted further by the surge of international coproductions being built in France.

In June, Canal+ and Swedish public broadcaster SVT unveiled Jour Polaire (aka Midnight Sun), the first ever French-Swedish drama copro. It follows a French detective who is sent to the far north of Sweden to investigate the murder of a French citizen.

Created by Måns Mårlind and Björn Stein, and based on an idea by Henrik Jansson-Schweizer and Patrick Nebout, it is produced by Atlantique Productions, Nice Drama and Filmpool Nord. The cast includes Leïla Bekhti and Gustaf Hammarsten.

Atlantique has also partnered with Keshet UK, the London-based production arm of Israeli distributor Keshet International, to develop English-language drama Crater Lake. The eight-part series, created by Ron Leshem, is described as a “life-affirming, character-driven show about death.”

Oliver Bibas, MD at Atlantique, says: “People are more and more aware of international coproduction opportunities. Canal+ has a strategy to do more coproductions. It is also focused on French drama, but there is a place for coproduction. It’s the same for Arte, and now we’re seeing what will be the next move for France Télévisions, which should also step up in this area.”

L’Emprise tells the true story of a woman acquitted of killing her abusive husband
L’Emprise tells the true story of a woman acquitted of killing her abusive husband

Bibas says Atlantique is now developing series it wouldn’t have considered as recently as two or three years ago. In particular, the company is remaking Django, a spaghetti western from the 1960s, and is also on board the reboot of science-fiction series Metal Hurlant with producer Jamie Mathieson. “They’re not something we would have done previously but because of online platforms such as Amazon, Netflix and Canal Play, there are so many new outlets that you can go deeper into a niche genre, which wasn’t the case three or four years ago,” he says.

“We’re trying to get some more niche shows into development. Western and sci-fi are not traditional genres for scripted drama in France. But we feel that when we’re pitching shows to the networks, there is an appetite for this. The market is changing – there’s new demand from networks, and you have to find shows that are in line with our times.”

In fact, Netflix is already in production on its first French-langauge drama, Marseille, with Gerard Depardieu playing the lead role of the city’s mayor in a political story of power, corruption and redemption.

Created and written by Dan Franck, the eight-part series is produced by Federation Entertainment and will launch on Netflix in 2016.

Franco-German network Arte epitomises the change in attitude towards drama among French broadcasters. Switching from
TV movies to serialised programmes, it was among the first to import European shows, most notably Denmark’s Forbrydelsen (aka The Killing) and Borgen, plus Swedish sci-fi series Äkta människor (Real Humans).

Political thriller Occupied
Political thriller Occupied

The channel is now forging ahead with its coproduction strategy. Launching this autumn is Occupied, a 10-part political thriller based on an idea by novelist Jo Nesbø and developed with Norway’s TV2.

It has also partnered with Denmark’s DR and Borgen creator Adam Price on a new faith-based series called Herrens veje (aka Rides Upon the Storm).

Alexandre Piel, Arte’s deputy head of drama in charge of international acquisitions and coproductions, says he’s not sure if what is happening in French drama is a revolution but admits the landscape is changing fast.

“Our behaviours have completely changed in the last five years,” he says. “We jumped from 90- to 52-minute slots; from mainly standalone collections to serial dramas. That’s a major change.

“Canal+ was one of the first to establish the strategy. Arte followed and we were very much open to European content as a pioneer channel. Now everyone has an eye on European content.

“From international acquisitions to French content, the standards have changed and everyone has to cope with it. Then we have to see in the coming months – in terms of international distribution and coproduction – if it’s a major change or just a short-term change.”

Arte’s coproduction strategy began with it working as a minor partner on Occupied, before co-developing Herrens veje. It is also onboard sci-fi drama Trepalium. Piel hopes Arte’s next copro will be a French project on which the network can take the lead.

He adds that Arte is open to new ideas, as it doesn’t want to run the same sort of shows that air on other channels.

Swedish sci-fi series Äkta människor (Real Humans)
Swedish sci-fi series Äkta människor (Real Humans)

“It means more risk-taking but the idea is to jump on originality, creativity and innovation, and to be able to offer something more audacious,” he says. “That’s really the keyword in terms of ambition.

“There are a lot of projects on the market. There are plenty of series but some are quite similar. I feel there’s less difference, creativity and innovation than a few years ago, but that’s normal. The industry is restructuring so we need new and different projects and a different way to work altogether.

“That’s why we’re doing a lot of pre-buys on series including Wolf Hall, Indian Summers and Danish series Norskov. We’re trying to understand the way some channels and producers are working so we can work with them in the future.”

Meanwhile, MakingProd is developing Destination Mars, about an expedition to the red planet, with Russia’s Star Media, Laurence Fishburne’s Cinema Gypsy Productions and Poland’s Synergy Films. It is also producing Salazar, a period coproduction with Spain’s Plano a Plano and distributor Eccho Rights.

But while Drouet acknowledges that international coproductions are gaining traction, he says networks are still predominantly focused on homegrown drama.

“French drama is becoming more and more attractive for partners and producers, so we have a lot of people coming to us saying they would like to make international coproductions,” he says. “A few years ago it wouldn’t have been possible but now it is, and it shows the success of TV drama in France.

“There will always be a strong demand for domestic drama but even now the pure French TV series are getting better and better. And even if it’s a purely French series, we have interest now from foreign countries to get shows like The Returned or Witnesses. It shows there’s a new era of TV series in France.

“Even though the shows are taking place in France and are spoken in French, now they interest foreign markets more and more because the stories we tell are more international and more universal.”

Bibas agrees that domestic drama is still the model in France. “We have a very traditional setup,” he explains. “It’s nobody’s fault – this is the way the French system has been for the past 20 years – but now more and more producers and networks are opening up a bit to something that is more modern in terms of French drama, and it’s a very good thing. We’re on the right track but it takes time to change the market.”

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